1 Kings 2:22

Authorized King James Version

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And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּעַן֩ answered H6030
וַיַּעַן֩ answered
Strong's: H6030
Word #: 1 of 27
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ And king H4428
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ And king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 27
a king
שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה Solomon H8010
שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה Solomon
Strong's: H8010
Word #: 3 of 27
shelomah, david's successor
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר and said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 4 of 27
to say (used with great latitude)
לְאִמּ֗וֹ unto his mother H517
לְאִמּ֗וֹ unto his mother
Strong's: H517
Word #: 5 of 27
a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])
וְלָמָה֩ H4100
וְלָמָה֩
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 6 of 27
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
אַ֨תְּ H859
אַ֨תְּ
Strong's: H859
Word #: 7 of 27
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
וְשַֽׁאֲלִי And why dost thou ask H7592
וְשַֽׁאֲלִי And why dost thou ask
Strong's: H7592
Word #: 8 of 27
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲבִישַׁ֤ג Abishag H49
אֲבִישַׁ֤ג Abishag
Strong's: H49
Word #: 10 of 27
abishag, a concubine of david
הַשֻּֽׁנַמִּית֙ the Shunammite H7767
הַשֻּֽׁנַמִּית֙ the Shunammite
Strong's: H7767
Word #: 11 of 27
a shunammitess, or female inhabitant of shunem
לַאֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ for Adonijah H138
לַאֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ for Adonijah
Strong's: H138
Word #: 12 of 27
adonijah, the name of three israelites
וְשַֽׁאֲלִי And why dost thou ask H7592
וְשַֽׁאֲלִי And why dost thou ask
Strong's: H7592
Word #: 13 of 27
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
לוֹ֙ H0
לוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 27
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה for him the kingdom H4410
הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה for him the kingdom
Strong's: H4410
Word #: 16 of 27
something ruled, i.e., a realm
כִּ֛י H3588
כִּ֛י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 17 of 27
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
ה֥וּא H1931
ה֥וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 18 of 27
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
אָחִ֖י brother H251
אָחִ֖י brother
Strong's: H251
Word #: 19 of 27
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
הַגָּד֣וֹל also for he is mine elder H1419
הַגָּד֣וֹל also for he is mine elder
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 20 of 27
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
מִמֶּ֑נִּי H4480
מִמֶּ֑נִּי
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 21 of 27
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
וְלוֹ֙ H0
וְלוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 22 of 27
וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֣ר even for him and for Abiathar H54
וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֣ר even for him and for Abiathar
Strong's: H54
Word #: 23 of 27
ebjathar, an israelite
הַכֹּהֵ֔ן the priest H3548
הַכֹּהֵ֔ן the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 24 of 27
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
וּלְיוֹאָ֖ב and for Joab H3097
וּלְיוֹאָ֖ב and for Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 25 of 27
joab, the name of three israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 26 of 27
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
צְרוּיָֽה׃ of Zeruiah H6870
צְרוּיָֽה׃ of Zeruiah
Strong's: H6870
Word #: 27 of 27
tserujah, an israelitess

Analysis & Commentary

And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of david's death and solomon's consolidation of power, within the book's focus on succession narrative and establishment of Solomon's reign.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This passage describes events around 970 BCE during the transition from David to Solomon.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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